There are several factors that can affect your credit score. The most obvious of these is paying your bills on time. In fact, your payment history is the number one variable used by the credit bureaus when calculating your FICO score. This is closely followed by the amount you owe.
Now, you might assume that the more you owe, the worse it will affect your score, but it’s not quite that simple. In fact, the credit bureaus don’t just look at the amount you owe, but at a percentage that they arrive at by dividing the total amount you owe by the total amount of credit available to you. In fancy terms, this is known as your “utilization ratio,” and in general you want to keep this number under 20%.
Let’s look at the example of a person who has a single credit card. Say they owe $2,100 and that their credit limit on that card is $10,000. This means their utilization ratio is $2,100 / $10,000, which works out to 0.21 or 21%.
As mentioned earlier, most experts suggest keeping your credit utilization ratio under 20% to maximize your credit score. If you can manage it, the best way to do this would be to pay off enough of your debt to get the ratio under 20%. This way you both potentially increase your credit score
and pay less monthly interest on your debt—a win-win!
If our example person can manage it, the best thing for them to do would be to pay off more than $100. Let's say they pay $200, which makes the new amount they owe $1,900, and their utilization ratio would be $1,900 / $10,000, which is a little below 20% at 19%.
But if you can’t repay some of the debt, there is another trick you might try. Contact the credit card company and request an increase of your credit limit. If the credit card company gives you enough of an increase, it can bring your utilization ratio below 20%.
Continuing our example from above, if the credit card company increased our example person's credit limit to $12,000, now their utilization ratio would be $2,100 / $12,000, which is below 20% at 17.5%.